How Currency Conversion Works: Rates, Spreads, and Smarter Estimates
Learn how to convert money between currencies, read an exchange rate correctly, and understand why a card charge may differ from a planning estimate.
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Unit Converters
Browse all 75 calculators in this category.
75 dedicated unit converters for precise, instant conversions across everyday, engineering, fluid, electrical, light, magnetic and radiation measurements.
Convert measurements with 75 dedicated tools. Choose your source and destination units and enter a value for an instant answer. Alongside length, mass, volume and temperature, explore energy, flow, viscosity, electrical quantities, light, radiation, data transfer, sound and more.
Length Converter
Convert length instantly between millimeters, meters, kilometers, inches, feet, yards, miles, nautical miles, and more with precise standard factors.
Weight & Mass Converter
Convert mass accurately between milligrams, grams, kilograms, tonnes, ounces, pounds, stone, US tons, and long tons.
Volume Converter
Convert volume between milliliters, liters, US and Imperial gallons, quarts, pints, cups, fluid ounces, and cubic units.
Temperature Converter
Convert temperatures instantly between Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, and Rankine with absolute-zero validation and exact standard formulas.
Area Converter
Convert square metric and imperial units, including square meters, hectares, acres, square feet, square miles, and square kilometers.
Pressure Converter
Convert pressure between pascals, kilopascals, bar, psi, atmospheres, torr, mmHg, and technical engineering units.
Energy Converter
Convert energy accurately between joules, kilojoules, calories, kilocalories, watt-hours, kilowatt-hours, and BTU.
Currency Converter
Compare 20 currencies including USD, EUR, GBP, INR, PKR, AED and SAR with static illustrative rates. Not a live exchange-rate quote.
Power Converter
Convert power between watts, kilowatts, megawatts, mechanical horsepower, metric horsepower, and BTU per hour.
Force Converter
Convert force between newtons, kilonewtons, pound-force, kilogram-force, dynes, and related engineering units.
Time Converter
Convert durations between seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, and years with clear fixed-duration assumptions.
Speed Converter
Convert speed between meters per second, kilometers per hour, miles per hour, knots, feet per second, and Mach.
Angle Converter
Convert angles precisely between degrees, radians, gradians, arcminutes, and arcseconds for math, navigation, and surveying.
Fuel Consumption Converter
Convert fuel economy between US mpg, Imperial mpg, liters per 100 km, and kilometers per liter using correct inverse formulas.
Numbers Converter
Convert arbitrarily large integer numbers between binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal, and every base from 2 through 36.
Data Storage Converter
Convert data sizes between bits, bytes, decimal SI kilobytes, and binary IEC KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, and PiB.
Angular Velocity Converter
Convert angular velocity precisely between radians per second, revolutions per minute, degrees per second, revolutions per second, and more.
Acceleration Converter
Convert linear acceleration between meters per second squared, feet per second squared, standard gravity, and centimeters per second squared.
Angular Acceleration Converter
Convert angular acceleration between rad/s², revolutions per minute per second, degrees per second squared, and revolutions per second squared.
Density Converter
Convert density accurately between kilograms per cubic meter, grams per cubic centimeter, kilograms per liter, pounds per cubic foot, and more.
Specific Volume Converter
Convert specific volume between cubic meters per kilogram, liters per kilogram, cubic centimeters per gram, and cubic feet per pound.
Moment of Inertia Converter
Convert mass moment of inertia between kg·m², g·cm², kg·cm², lb·ft², lb·in², and slug·ft².
Torque & Moment of Force Converter
Convert torque and moment of force between newton meters, pound-feet, kilogram-force meters, dyne centimeters, and more.
Fuel Energy per Mass Converter
Convert specific energy and fuel heating value between J/kg, kJ/kg, MJ/kg, calories per gram, and International BTU per pound.
Fuel Energy per Volume & Heat Density Converter
Convert volumetric fuel energy and heat density between J/m³, kJ/L, MJ/L, kWh/m³, and International BTU per cubic foot.
Temperature Interval Converter
Convert temperature differences correctly between Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, and Rankine intervals without applying absolute-temperature offsets.
Thermal Expansion Converter
Convert coefficients of thermal expansion between 1/K, 1/°C, 1/°F, microstrain/K, and microstrain/°F.
Thermal Resistance Converter
Convert area-normalized thermal resistance between m²·K/W, cm²·K/W, m²·K/kW, and ft²·°F·h per Btu.
Thermal Conductivity Converter
Convert thermal conductivity between W/(m·K), mW/(m·K), W/(cm·K), kcal/(h·m·°C), and International Btu/(h·ft·°F).
Specific Heat Capacity Converter
Convert specific heat capacity between J/(kg·K), kJ/(kg·K), cal/(g·°C), and International Btu/(lb·°F).
Heat Flux Density Converter
Convert heat flux density between W/m², kW/m², W/cm², calories per second per cm², and International Btu per hour per ft².
Heat Transfer Coefficient Converter
Convert convective heat transfer coefficients between W/(m²·K), kW/(m²·K), W/(cm²·K), and International Btu/(h·ft²·°F).
Flow Converter
Convert volumetric flow rate between cubic meters per second, liters per minute, gallons per minute, CFM, and more.
Mass Flow Converter
Convert mass flow rate precisely between kg/s, kg/min, kg/h, g/s, pounds per hour, and tonnes per hour.
Molar Flow Converter
Convert molar flow rates between mol/s, mmol/s, mol/min, kmol/h, and pound-moles per second.
Mass Flux Density Converter
Convert mass flux density between kg/(s·m²), g/(s·m²), lb/(h·ft²), and other transport units.
Molar Concentration Converter
Convert molar concentration between mol/L, mol/m³, mmol/L, kmol/m³, and other chemically useful units.
Solution Concentration Converter
Convert solution concentration between mass percent, ppm by mass, mg/L, g/L, and kg/m³ using an explicit solution density.
Dynamic Viscosity Converter
Convert dynamic viscosity between pascal-seconds, millipascal-seconds, poise, centipoise, and customary shear units.
Kinematic Viscosity Converter
Convert kinematic viscosity between m²/s, centistokes, stokes, cm²/s, and square feet per second.
Surface Tension Converter
Convert surface tension between N/m, mN/m, dyne/cm, erg/cm², and pounds-force per foot.
Permeability Converter
Convert porous-media permeability between square meters, darcy, millidarcy, square centimeters, and square feet.
Charge Converter
Convert electric charge between coulombs, ampere-hours, milliampere-hours, nanocoulombs, statcoulombs, and elementary charges.
Linear Charge Density Converter
Convert linear charge density between C/m, mC/m, µC/m, C/cm, C/ft, and C/in.
Surface Charge Density Converter
Convert surface charge density between C/m², mC/m², µC/cm², C/ft², and C/in².
Volume Charge Density Converter
Convert volume charge density between C/m³, mC/m³, µC/cm³, C/cm³, and C/ft³.
Current Converter
Convert electric current between amperes, milliamperes, microamperes, kiloamperes, and abamperes.
Linear Current Density Converter
Convert line current density between A/m, mA/m, µA/m, A/cm, and A/ft.
Surface Current Density Converter
Convert surface current density between A/m², mA/m², A/cm², A/ft², and other engineering units.
Electric Field Strength Converter
Convert electric field strength between V/m, mV/m, kV/m, V/cm, V/mm, and statvolts per centimeter.
Electric Potential Converter
Convert electric potential between volts, millivolts, microvolts, kilovolts, statvolts, and abvolts.
Electric Resistance Converter
Convert electrical resistance between ohms, milliohms, kilohms, megohms, gigaohms, and abohms.
Electric Resistivity Converter
Convert electrical resistivity between ohm-meter, ohm-centimeter, microohm-centimeter, ohm-millimeter, and customary length units.
Electric Conductance Converter
Convert electrical conductance between siemens, millisiemens, microsiemens, nanosiemens, and mho.
Electric Conductivity Converter
Convert electrical conductivity between S/m, mS/m, S/cm, mS/cm, µS/cm, and siemens per foot.
Electrostatic Capacitance Converter
Convert electrostatic capacitance between farads, millifarads, microfarads, nanofarads, picofarads, and statfarads.
Inductance Converter
Convert inductance between henries, millihenries, microhenries, nanohenries, kilohenries, and abhenries.
Luminance Converter
Convert luminance between candela per square metre, foot-lambert, stilb, and related photometric units.
Luminous Intensity Converter
Convert luminous intensity between candela, millicandela, kilocandela, candlepower, and related scales.
Illumination Converter
Convert illumination and illuminance between lux, foot-candles, phot, and lumen-per-square-foot units.
Digital Image Resolution Converter
Convert image resolution between DPI, PPI, pixels per centimetre, and pixel count for a specified physical print width.
Frequency Wavelength Converter
Convert electromagnetic frequency and vacuum wavelength using the exact speed of light, from hertz and gigahertz to metres and nanometres.
Magnetomotive Force Converter
Convert magnetomotive force between ampere-turns, ampere, and gilberts using standard magnetic circuit factors.
Magnetic Field Strength Converter
Convert magnetic field strength between ampere per metre, oersted, ampere-turn per metre, and related units.
Magnetic Flux Converter
Convert magnetic flux between webers, maxwells, milliwebers, and microwebers with exact SI and CGS factors.
Magnetic Flux Density Converter
Convert magnetic flux density between tesla, gauss, millitesla, and microtesla using exact SI relationships.
Radiation Dose Equivalent Converter
Convert radiation dose equivalent between sieverts, rem, millisieverts, microsieverts, and millirems for reference.
Radiation Activity Converter
Convert radioactive activity between becquerels, curies, millicuries, megabecquerels, and microcuries.
Radiation Exposure Converter
Convert radiation exposure between coulomb per kilogram, roentgen, milliroentgen, and microcoulomb per kilogram.
Radiation Absorbed Dose Converter
Convert absorbed radiation dose between gray, rad, milligray, centigray, and microgray for educational reference.
Metric Prefixes Converter
Convert values across all current SI metric prefixes from quecto and ronto through kilo, mega, yotta, ronna, and quetta.
Data Transfer Converter
Convert data transfer rates between bits per second, decimal and binary network rates, and bytes per second.
Sound Level Converter
Convert sound pressure in pascals and dB SPL, or acoustic intensity in W/m² and dB, with explicit references and correct logarithmic formulas.
Typography Converter
Convert typography and print sizes between points, picas, CSS pixels, inches, millimetres, and centimetres.
Lumber Volume Converter
Convert lumber-specific volume between board feet, cubic feet, cubic inches, cubic metres, and thousand board feet.
Guides and explanations
Explore practical examples and the reasoning behind these calculations.
Length Conversion Without Guesswork: Metric, Imperial, and Precision
Learn how to convert length and distance between metric, US customary, and nautical units while keeping prefixes, precision, and measurement context straight.
The Metric vs. Imperial System: A Practical Guide
Learn when to use metric and customary units, how exact conversion factors work, and how to avoid common mistakes when switching between measurement systems.
Understanding Data Storage Units: Why Your Drive Shows Less Space
Bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and gibibytes are not always based on the same multiplier. Here is why advertised storage and operating-system capacity can look different.
A Quick Guide to Temperature Conversion Formulas
Understand the formulas connecting Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, and Rankine, including why temperature differences convert differently from absolute readings.
Understanding Torque vs. Moment of Force: What's the Difference?
Learn why torque and moment of force describe the same rotational effect in many engineering contexts, how the lever arm changes a result, and which units to use in practical calculations.
A Practical Guide to Thermal Conductivity and Insulation
Understand thermal conductivity, resistance, heat flow, and insulation choices with practical examples for walls, pipes, electronics, and industrial heat-transfer systems.
Ohm's Law and Electrical Units Explained
A practical guide to voltage, current, resistance, power, charge, conductance, and the unit relationships behind everyday circuit calculations.
Viscosity Explained: Dynamic vs. Kinematic and Why It Matters
Understand the difference between dynamic and kinematic viscosity, how density connects them, and how engineers use Pa·s, poise, stokes, and centistokes.
Understanding Sound Decibels: Why the Scale Isn't Linear
Learn what decibels measure, why sound levels use a logarithmic scale, and how to compare pressure, intensity, and power without adding dB values incorrectly.
A Quick Guide to Radiation Units for Students
A clear educational guide to activity, exposure, absorbed dose, and dose equivalent—plus why becquerels, grays, sieverts, and roentgens must not be treated as interchangeable.